![]() Identifying areas of common NBB rain could be possible from Z e and Z DR measurements.Įrrors of radar-based quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) at the ground are caused by a number of different factors, including radar calibration uncertainties, partial beamfilling and blockage, vertical changes in observed variables between radar resolution volumes and the ground, and variability in drop size distributions (DSDs) that modify mean relations between rainfall and radar variables. No significant differences among the estimators for the same rain type derived using DSDs from different observational sites were present despite significant separation and differing terrain. Underestimations in NBB rain-rate retrievals derived using other rain-type estimators (e.g., those for BB or convective rain or default operational radar estimators) for the same values of radar variables can be on average about 40%, although the differential phase-based estimators are somewhat less susceptible to DSD details. Differences among same-type estimators for mostly stratiform BB and deep-convective rain were relatively minor, but estimators derived for the common NBB rain type were distinct. Data from a year of combined DSD and rain-type observations were used to derive S-band-radar estimators of rain rate R, including those based on traditional reflectivity Z e and ones that also use differential reflectivity Z DR and specific differential phase K DP. ![]() Collocated with S-PROF, disdrometer measurements showed that drop size distributions (DSDs) of NBB rain have much larger relative fractions of smaller drops when compared with those of BB and convective rains. This common nonbrightband (NBB) rain contributes ~15%–20% of total accumulation and is not considered as a separate rain type by current precipitation-segregation operational radar-based schemes, which separate rain into stratiform, convective, and, sometimes, tropical types. Hydrometeorology Testbed sites indicated a frequent occurrence of rain that did not exhibit radar bright band (BB) and was observed outside the periods of deep-convective precipitation. Symbols shown on the map: United States Ski Resorts, Mountain Peaks, Surf breaks, United States Cities, Tide forecasts, All snow, city, surf, tide forecasts, United States Current Temperature Observations, Current Wind Observations, Current Weather Observations, United States Live Webcams, New snow f-cast 1-3 days top station, New snow f-cast 1-3 days mid station, United States New snow f-cast 1-3 days bottom station, New snow f-cast 4-6 days top station, New snow f-cast 4-6 days mid station, United States New snow f-cast 4-6 days bottom station, Temperature below freezing, Resort fully open, United States Good piste, New snow reported, Powder reported, United States Snowing right now, Sunny, Runs to resort.S-band profiling (S-PROF) radar measurements from different southeastern U.S. Map overlays available for display: United States Pressure, Wind, Pressure+Wind, United States Freezing level. ![]() Please enable JavaScript to access the following map views:Īll map types that you can enable here: United States Colour Base Map, Greyscale Base Map,, United States Last 1-7 days snow, last 1-3 days snow, Next 1-3 days snow, United States Next 4-6 days snow, Next 6-9 days snow, Next 9-12 days snow, United States, Snow, Wind, United States Temperature, Cloud Cover,, United States Snow Depths at Top Stations, Snow Depths at all Resort Elevations, Fresh Snow Depths in Resorts, United States Snow Depths at Resorts above 1500m, Snow Depths at Resorts below 1500m, Temperature at 9am today (or yesterday), United States Days since last snow.
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